Optics for ophthalmic assistants explained with drawings and worked examples: light and lenses, diopters, spherical and cylindrical lenses, transposition, spherical equivalent, prism and its base, vertex distance, bifocals and progressives, lensometry readings and practice problems solved step by step.

Ophthalmic medications for assistants explained with drawings: routes, how drops reach the eye, dilating drops, glaucoma drug classes, anti-infectives, steroids and NSAIDs, anesthetics, lubricants and diagnostic dyes, cap colors, side effects to report and patient teaching. No doses: medicines are used only on the doctor's order.

Step-by-step checklists of the ophthalmic assistant's skills to practice with a supervisor: history, visual acuity, pinhole, near vision, pupils, motility, confrontation fields, Amsler grid, tonometry, lensometry, autorefraction and keratometry, instilling drops and cleaning the equipment. Always follow your clinic's protocol.